Cranfield Management Research Paper Series

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Browsing Cranfield Management Research Paper Series by Author "Burke, Andrew"

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    The impact of intellectual property right regimes on self employed entrepreneurship: an international analysis
    (Cranfield University School of Management, 2007-10) Burke, Andrew; Fraser, Stuart
    The importance of IPR regimes for large firm innovation is well documented but less is known about their impact on self-employed entrepreneurship which is typically less innovative. The paper sets out to estimate the net effect of the various elements that comprise an IPR regime including the political system, the laws, and institutions as well as a general familiarity with and respect for IPR related products. Cumulatively, the analysis indicates that a well developed IPR regime has a net positive effect on the selfemployment activity. Since the self-employed sector is possibly the only segment of the enterprise base where IPRs may be expected to have a negative effect it provides a useful contribution to our empirical understanding of the welfare effects of IPRs on the entrepreneurial economy and economic development more widely. Contrary to some of the most vocal objections to the TRIPS Agreement we find that rather than undermine the self-employed enterprise base it actually boosts it. We find that half-hearted IPR conventions, in this case the Phonograms Convention, designed to accommodate countries with a weak desire to support IPRS undermines this positive effect. We do not find any evidence to suggest that the organizations which tend to be associated with the enforcement of IPR laws such as Interpol, ISO, PCA, UNCTAD, UNESCO, WIPO and the WTO had any effect over and above WIPO and the WTO helping to create TRIPS in the first place. The evidence in the paper indicates that the standard practice of international economic development aid where recipient countries have been encouraged to embrace democracy and IPRs (in particular, the TRIPS Agreement) seems to have been prudent. Most likely these initiatives would act to boost the self-employed enterprise base in developing and transition economies.
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    Is there a North-South divide in self-employment in England?
    (2007-07-01T00:00:00Z) Burke, Andrew; FitzRoy, Felix R; Nolan, Michael A
    Using decomposition analysis, the paper investigates why Northern England has fewer but higher performing self-employed individuals than the South. We find the causes are mainly structural differences rather than regional variation in individual characteristics. There are more self employed individuals in the South, but on average they create fewer jobs. Post compulsory education has a strong negative effect on the probability of self employment in the South, probably due to better employment opportunities there, but little influence in the North. Education has some positive effects on job creation by entrepreneurs in both regions. Aggregate studies may thus give misleading results.
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    Market concentration, market dynamism and business survival
    (Cranfield University School of Management, 2007-09) Burke, Andrew; Gorg, Holger; Hanley, Aoife
    The paper uses a unique dataset comprising the population of new ventures that enter the UK market in 1998. We argue that we would expect the effect of market concentration on firm survival to be different according to whether an industry is static (low entry and exit) or dynamic. In our empirical analysis we find support for this hypothesis. Industry concentration rates reduce the survival of new plants but only in markets marked by low entry and exit rates. Specifically, a 10 percent increase in the 5-firm concentration ratio or the Herfindahl index in a dynamic market, raises the survival rate of new ventures by approximately 2 percent. Our results suggest greater leniency towards more dominant firms in industries showing buoyant entry and exit rates.
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    Multiple effects of business plans on new ventures
    (Cranfield University School of Management, 2009-02) Burke, Andrew; Fraser, Stuart; Green, Francis
    We investigate the impact of writing a business plan prior to start-up on new venture performance. Our analysis makes new contributions by examining multiple effects of business plans. This approach allows the impacts of business plans to be disentangled from selection effects due to differences in the profile and business context of ventures that are more or less likely to write a business plan. We offer an empirical methodology and apply it to UK data where we find that business plans promote employment growth. This is found to be due to the impact of the plan and not selection effects.