=========================================================================================== =========================================================================================== Readme.txt written by: Catherine Wiltshire =========================================================================================== =========================================================================================== Version Control 09-10-2023: Initial publication 23-02-2024: Updated spreadsheet and documents to reflect a change in the acknowledgements from BEIS to DESNZ and a change to document copyright statement. =========================================================================================== =========================================================================================== This readme is related to the following files: Yield-SAFE v2.xlsx Yield-SAFE description and calibration guide v7.docx Yield-SAFE in Excel v2.docx ===== Yield-SAFE v2 ========================================================================= Agroforestry systems integrate trees with livestock and/or arable crops on the same parcel of land. Compared to monoculture arable or grass systems, agroforestry systems can enhance soil conservation, carbon sequestration, species and habitat diversity, and provide additional sources of farm income. However, as the trees increase in size, the grass and/or arable yields will tend to decline due to light and water competition with the trees. The form of the tree-crop yield relationship will vary with the level of solar radiation, rainfall, the species being grown, management actions such as choice of planting date and pruning, the soil type, and the time from tree planting. Yield-SAFE is a spreadsheet-based biophysical model which has been developed in Microsoft® Excel® to enable the prediction of the relationship between tree and crop yields over the rotation of the tree component, typically 20-60 years. It was developed as part of the EU sponsored SAFE project (van der Werf et al., 2007). The full name for Yield-SAFE is the “YIeld Estimator for Long term Design of Silvoarable AgroForestry in Europe”. Companion models include Plot-SAFE (a plot-scale bio-economic model) (Burgess et al., 2004), Farm-SAFE (a farm-scale economic model using yield data from Yield-SAFE) (Graves et al. 2010, 2011), and Hi-sAFe (a detailed 3-D model for more detailed biophysical assessments of tree-crop interactions) (Dupraz et al., 2019). Versions of Yield-SAFE have been used in both financial and economic assessments of agroforestry systems (García de Jalón et al., 2018; Giannitsopoulos et al., 2020). Everyone is welcome to use Yield-SAFE. However by using Yield-SAFE, the user agrees to the disclaimer and copyright below. Disclaimer: use of Yield-SAFE is entirely at the risk of the user. No responsibility is taken by the developers, authors or funders for errors remaining within Yield-SAFE, or for actions or consequences of actions arising from use of Yield-SAFE. Copyright: The authors are happy for the model to be used and modified for research purposes. However, the model should not be used for commercial gain without the prior agreement of the authors. Acknowledgements: Yield-SAFE was originally developed as part of the SAFE project funded by the EU under its Quality of Life programme (2001-2005) contract number QLF5-CT-2001-00560 (van der Werf et al. 2007). This particular version of Yield-SAFE, that we call Yield-SAFE v2 was modified by Matt Upson for his PhD (Upson 2014) to compare arable and poplar silvoarable systems at the Silsoe site, Bedfordshire, UK. Suggested reference for model: Burgess, P.J., Graves, A., Upson, M., Palma, J.H.N., Wiltshire, C. (2023) Yield-SAFE v2 model in Excel. Bedfordshire: Cranfield University. References: Burgess, P.J., Graves, A.R., Metselaar, K., Stappers, R., Keesman, K., Palma, J., Mayus, M., and van der Werf, W. (2004) Description of the Plot-SAFE version 0.3 model. Cranfield University. 52 pp. Dupraz, C., Wolz, K.J., Lecomte, I., Talbot, G., Vincent, G., Mulia, R., Bussière, F., Ozier-Lafontaine, H., Andrianarisoa, S., Jackson, N., Lawson, G., Dones, N., Sinoquet, H., Lusiana, B., van Noordwijk, M. (2019) Hi-sAFe: A 3D agroforestry model for integrating dynamic tree–crop interactions. Sustainability, 11, 2293. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11082293 Graves, A.R., Burgess, P.J., Palma, J., Keesman, K., van der Werf, W., Dupraz, C., van Keulen, H., Herzog, F., Mayus, M. (2010) Implementation and calibration of the parameter-sparse Yield-SAFE model to predict production and land equivalent ratio in mixed tree and crop systems under two contrasting production situations in Europe. Ecological Modelling 221, 1744-1756. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2010.03.008 Graves, A.R., Burgess, P.J., Liagre, F., Terreaux, J-P., Borrel, T, Dupraz, C., Palma, J., Herzog, F. (2011) Farm-SAFE: the process of developing a plot- and farm-scale model of arable, forestry and silvoarable economics. Agroforestry Systems 81, 93-108. García de Jalón, S., Graves, A., Palma, J.H.N., Williams, A., Upson, M.A., Burgess, P.J. (2018) Modelling and valuing the environmental impacts of arable, forestry and agroforestry systems: a case study. Agroforestry Systems 92:1059–1073. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-017-0128-z Giannitsopoulos, M., Graves, A.R, Burgess, P.J., Crous-Duran, J., Moreno, G., Herzog, F., Palma, J.H.N., Kay, S., García de Jalón, S. (2020) Whole system valuation of arable, agroforestry and tree-only systems at three case study sites in Europe. Journal of Cleaner Production 269, 122283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122283 Upson, M.A. (2014) The Carbon Storage Benefits of Agroforestry and Farm Woodlands. Unpublished PhD thesis. Bedfordshire,UK:Cranfield University. https://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/9298 van der Werf, W., Keesman, K., Burgess, P., Graves, A., Pilbeam, D., Incoll, L.D., Metselaar, K., Mayus, M., Stappers, R., van Keulen, H., Palma, J. Dupraz, C. (2007) Yield-SAFE: A parameter-sparse, process-based dynamic model for predicting resource capture, growth, and production in agroforestry systems. Ecological Engineering 29, 419–433. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2006.09.017 Contact details for authors: p.burgess@cranfield.ac.uk; a.graves@cranfield.ac.uk ===== Yield-SAFE description and calibration guide ========================================= Yield-SAFE Description and Calibration Guide This description and calibration guide describes: • the data and equations used in the Yield-SAFE biophysical model, • the parameters used in the Yield-SAFE model, based on field data collected at the Silsoe silvoarable site. • the calibration of the parameterised model to optimise the fit between actual and predicted data. • the validation of parameterisation and calibration by comparing model predictions to actual data from the Leeds silvoarable site. ===== Yield-SAFE in Excel v2 =============================================================== Description of the biophysical Yield-SAFE v2 model as implemented in Microsoft® Excel® This guide describes how to use Yield-SAFE as implemented in Excel including a description of the model objectives and structure. This is followed by a detailed overview of each worksheet within the model. ============================================================================================ ============================================================================================