DREMUS: A data-restricted multi-physics simulation model for lithium-ion battery storage

This paper presents a modelling approach to support the techno-economic analysis of Li-Ion battery energy storage systems (BESS) for third party organisations considering the purchase or use of BESS but lacking the detailed knowledge of battery operation and degradation. It takes into account the severe data-limitations and provides the best possible approximation for its long-term electrical, thermal and ageing performance. This is achieved by constructing flexible and scalable ageing models from experimental data based on manufacturer's datasheets, warranties and manuals as key inputs. The precision of the individual models has been determined using experimental data and has been found with <8 % normalised root-mean-square deviation (NRMSD) in all cases to be sufficiently accurate. Through linearization methods, this model is able to compare the long-term performance of BESS and quantify the degradative impact of specific charge/discharge mission profiles, which improves the tangibility of BESS as value generating asset.