Novel synthesis of carbon dots from coconut wastes and its potential as water disinfectant

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dc.contributor.authorRajkishore, Subramani Krishnaraj
dc.contributor.authorDevadharshini, Krishnagounder Padmanaban
dc.contributor.authorSathya Moorthy, Ponnuraj
dc.contributor.authorReddy Kiran Kalyan, Vanniya Sreeramulu
dc.contributor.authorSunitha, Rajkishore
dc.contributor.authorPrasanthrajan, Mohan
dc.contributor.authorMaheswari, Muthunalliappan
dc.contributor.authorSubramanian, Kizhaeral Sevathapandian
dc.contributor.authorSakthivel, Nalliappan
dc.contributor.authorSakrabani, Ruben
dc.date.accessioned2023-07-18T08:13:27Z
dc.date.available2023-07-18T08:13:27Z
dc.date.issued2023-07-12
dc.description.abstractThis paper presents a facile and effective method for the large-scale production of carbon dots (CDs) from diverse coconut wastes (fronds, husk and shell). On comparing two different methods, namely (i) hydrothermal carbonization and (ii) novel sequential synthesis processes (pyrolysis followed by sonication), the latter procedure recorded a higher recovery of CDs (14.0%) over the hydrothermal method (2.33%). Doping agents such as urea, polyethyleneimine (PEI) and hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA) were chosen at varying concentrations to synthesize surface-modified CDs (SMCDs) for enhanced antibacterial properties. Among these SMCDs, urea-doped CDs (1:1) @ 1000 ppm registered significantly higher cytotoxicity (20.6%) against Escherichia coli (E. coli). Subsequently, to assess the applicability of CDs as a disinfectant in water purification systems, two products, namely (i) CD-infused chitosan beads and (ii) pelletized CDs, were developed to ensure the immobilization of CDs. Studies with lab-scale prototypes have revealed that CDs infused chitosan beads reduced the colonies of E. coli from 5.41 × 102 CFU/mL (control group) to 2.16 × 102 CFU/mL, in comparison with pelletized CDs that decreased to 3.30 × 102 CFU/mL. The biosafety of CDs was assessed against Eisenia fetida for 21 days, and the observations revealed no mortality, even at 2000 ppm. Overall, this research demonstrated that a waste biomass can be effectively transformed into a novel water disinfectant. Furthermore, this scientific endeavor opens up research avenues to evolve advanced water purifiers using low-cost and eco-friendly nanomaterials.en_UK
dc.identifier.citationRajkishore SK, Devadharshini KP, Sathya Moorthy P, et al., (2023) Novel synthesis of carbon dots from coconut wastes and its potential as water disinfectant, Sustainability, Volume 15, Issue 14, July 2023, Article Number 10924en_UK
dc.identifier.issn2071-1050
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.3390/su151410924
dc.identifier.urihttps://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/20009
dc.language.isoenen_UK
dc.publisherMDPIen_UK
dc.rightsAttribution 4.0 International*
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/*
dc.subjectcoconut wasteen_UK
dc.subjectcarbon dotsen_UK
dc.subjectcytotoxicityen_UK
dc.subjectEscherichia colien_UK
dc.subjectEisenia fetidaen_UK
dc.subjectwater disinfectanten_UK
dc.titleNovel synthesis of carbon dots from coconut wastes and its potential as water disinfectanten_UK
dc.typeArticleen_UK

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