dc.description.abstract |
Interest in the
subject of clusters has been steadily increasing over the last few decades. One
reason for this is that
organisations in the cluster often out perform organisations from the
same
industry located outside of the cluster. One of the predominant explanations for the
clusters
ability to achieve this is through innovation.
The cluster literature shows that clusters are a
important source of innovation, and that
innovation
plays a key role in maintaining the competitiveness and existence of the cluster.
However, although innovation is discussed in the literature, it can be thought of as a black
box or
fuzzy concept (Markusen, l999b). This is because although the drivers to
innovation are
stated, and innovation is known to be a positive outcome for the cluster,
innovation is not studied as a
concept, and statements concerning innovation are often made
without evidence or
justification. Therefore relatively little is known about the process or
nature of innovation as it occurs in clusters. The research
question was devised from this
position, and aimed to investigate what was actually meant and understood by innovation in
clusters. To this end the research
question was:
What is the
process and nature of innovation in clusters?â
I this thesis I
report on empirical studies undertaken in two clusters, in which I used semi-
Structured interviews. Aer a
analytical review of the interview findings I discuss the
results from a cross case
comparison; this is complemented with data from the extant
literature. The results from the
comparison are used to generate a empirically derived model
of the
process of innovation, and a definition of the nature of innovation in clusters. The
model
explains that the process of innovation progresses through five steps: Ignite; Gather;
Spark off; Create and Diffuse. The definition of the nature of innovation is understood via
five essential characteristics; that innovation is major, undertaken continuously, is time
compressed, problem solving, and survival driven. I combination the model and definition
leads to a
analytically generalisable view of the process and nature of innovation, which can
be
applied to clusters as a whole. |
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