A cost sensitivity analysis was carried out for a full-scale hollow fibre membrane bioreactor to quantify the effect of design choices and operational parameters on cost. Different options were subjected to a long term ...

The individual cost contributions to the mechanical components of a small membrane bioreactor (MBR) (100–2,500 m3/d flow capacity) are itemised and collated to generate overall capital and operating costs (CAPEX and OPEX) ...

The objective of the project was to develop a novel package plant using available process technologies that would be competitive in the domestic waste water treatment market. A market analysis identified the business ...

Hazards and risks are currently identified in generic risk silos using top-down tools and methods which are incorporated into whole system risk management frameworks such as enterprise risk management. The current methods ...

Over the past 5–10 years it has become apparent that the significant energy benefit provided by forward osmosis (FO) for desalination arises only when direct recovery of the permeate product from the solution used to ...

The application of membrane bioreactors (MBRs) to brine denitrification for ion exchange regeneration has been studied. The developed culture was capable of complete brine denitrification at 50 gNaCl.l−1. Denitrification ...

Arid regions tend to take careful measures to ensure water supplies are secured to consumers, to help provide the basis for further development. The distribution network is the most expensive part of the water supply ...

The increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration and the release of nutrients from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are environmental issues linked to several impacts on ecosystems. Numerous technologies have been employed ...

The use of forced mechanical shear for both disc membranes (rotating and vibrating disc filtration, RDF and VDF respectively) and hollow fibres (vibrating HF membranes, VHFM) is reviewed. These systems have been extensively ...

The corrosion of iron is a very old and complex phenomenon. Its employment for the treatment of wastewater began in the earliest around ten years ago, with few earlier exceptions. Most researchers have considered ...