Some aspects of anisotropic plasticity in sheet metals

The prediction of the yielding and flow behaviour of materials under complex stress systems from tensile test or other easily determined data has been the aim of engineers for many years. The yield criteria of Tresca and then Mises for isotropic metals are useful, but the realisation that anisotropy is the rule rather than the exception, especially in sheet metals led to the examination of Hill's anisotropic theory by various workers. In the present paper the stress-strain curves of various sheet metals are determined in uniaxial and balanced biaxial tension. As far as yielding behaviour is concerned it is concluded that the theory is reasonably satisfactory for materials where anisotropy is described with r = 1, with certain anomalies for materials with r< 1. As far as flow behaviour is concerned, the theory only applies for materials for r> 1. Crossing of the uniaxial and biaxial curves is observed for certain metals at low strains and this is not predicted by the theory. More work is necessary on low-r materials to resolve these matters.